Ultrasound

Ultrasound in gynecology

Gynecological ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic method using sound waves to visualize the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and surrounding structures. It is the foundation of modern gynecological diagnostics.

Types of ultrasound examination

• Transvaginal ultrasound — probe inserted vaginally, provides the most detailed pelvic organ imaging
• Transabdominal ultrasound — over the abdomen, used for virgins and during pregnancy
• Power color doppler — assessment of tissue and tumor vascularity
• 3D/4D ultrasound — three-dimensional imaging in pregnancy and anomaly diagnosis

What does gynecological ultrasound detect?

• Ovarian cysts — functional, endometriomas, dermoids
• Uterine fibroids — location, size, and number
• Endometrial polyps — uterine lining thickenings
• Ectopic pregnancy — pregnancy outside the uterus
• Ovulation tracking — follicular monitoring during stimulation
• Congenital anomalies — septum, bicornuate uterus
• Ovarian reserve assessment — antral follicle count (AFC)

Ultrasound in pregnancy

• Early pregnancy detection — gestational sac visualization from week 5
• Nuchal translucency (NT) — screening for chromosomal anomalies (weeks 11-14)
• Morphology scan — detailed baby anatomy examination (weeks 18-22)
• Fetal vessel doppler — baby's circulation assessment

How to prepare for ultrasound?

For transvaginal ultrasound, no special preparation is needed — the bladder can be empty. For transabdominal, a full bladder is needed (drink 3-4 glasses of water one hour before the exam).