Laparoscopy

What is laparoscopy?

Laparoscopy is a modern minimally invasive surgical technique used in gynecology for both diagnostic and operative purposes. It is also called "keyhole surgery" because it is performed through several small incisions (5–10 mm) on the abdomen instead of one large cut.

During the procedure, the surgeon introduces a thin camera (laparoscope) and specialized instruments through small openings, providing precise visualization of internal organs on a high-resolution monitor.

Indications for laparoscopy

• Diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis — the gold standard in diagnosis
• Ovarian cyst removal — cystectomy preserving healthy ovarian tissue
• Myomectomy — laparoscopic removal of uterine fibroids
• Ectopic pregnancy — emergency laparoscopic intervention
• Adhesiolysis — releasing pelvic adhesions
• Hysterectomy — laparoscopically assisted uterine surgery
• Fertility investigation — fallopian tube patency testing (chromopertubation)
• Tubal ligation — surgical sterilization

Advantages of laparoscopy over traditional surgery

• Minimal incisions — 3–4 openings of 5–10 mm instead of a large abdominal cut
• Faster recovery — patients can walk the same or next day
• Less postoperative pain — significantly reduced need for painkillers
• Lower infection risk — minimal tissue exposure
• Better cosmetic outcome — barely visible scars
• Shorter hospital stay — typically 24–48 hours

How to prepare for laparoscopy?

Before laparoscopy, a complete set of laboratory tests (blood count, coagulation, biochemistry), ECG, and an anesthesiology consultation are required. Patients must not eat or drink 8 hours before the procedure. It is essential to inform the surgeon about all medications you take, especially anticoagulants.

The laparoscopic procedure

The procedure is performed under general anesthesia. First, CO₂ gas is introduced into the abdominal cavity to create operating space. Then, a camera is inserted through a small incision at the navel, and surgical instruments through additional incisions. The entire procedure is monitored on a high-resolution screen. Upon completion, the gas is released and small incisions are closed with one or two stitches.

Recovery after laparoscopy

Most patients recover significantly faster than after traditional surgery. Walking is possible the same day, and return to daily activities usually takes 7–14 days. It is normal to feel mild shoulder pain from residual CO₂ gas — this resolves spontaneously in 1–2 days. A follow-up appointment is scheduled 7–10 days after the procedure.