Preparation for pregnancy

Why is preconception planning important?

Pregnancy brings many changes to a couple's life, but also introduces certain risks. It is therefore very important to prepare well for conception to overcome pregnancy challenges more easily and provide a healthy environment for baby's development.

Preconception check-up — what does it include?

• Gynecological examination — PAP test, colposcopy, pelvic ultrasound
• Laboratory tests — complete blood count, blood type and Rh factor, glucose, thyroid hormones
• TORCH infections — testing for toxoplasmosis, rubella, CMV, and herpes before conception
• Dental check-up — dental treatment before pregnancy as anesthesia and antibiotics may be limited during pregnancy
• Genetic counseling — recommended for couples with family history of genetic conditions

Preconception supplementation

• Folic acid (400–800 mcg daily) — start minimum 3 months before planned conception; reduces neural tube defect risk
• Vitamin D — for bone health and immune system
• Iron — as needed based on lab results
• Iodine — important for thyroid function and baby's brain development
• Omega-3 fatty acids — for fetal nervous system development

Lifestyle changes — what to modify?

• Stop smoking — cigarettes increase miscarriage and preterm birth risk
• Eliminate alcohol — no safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy
• Achieve optimal body weight — BMI 18.5–24.9 for best conception chances
• Moderate exercise — 150 minutes of aerobic activity per week
• Reduce stress — meditation, yoga, adequate sleep
• Review medications — consult doctor about safety of regular medications

Male partner — preparing for fatherhood

Preconception preparation is not just a woman's task. The male partner should: stop smoking, reduce alcohol, have a semen analysis as recommended by the doctor, take zinc and folic acid, and avoid testicular overheating (prolonged sitting, saunas).

Optimal time for conception

Conception is most likely during fertile days — 5 days before ovulation and on the day of ovulation. Tracking basal temperature, cervical mucus, and using ovulation tests help identify the most favorable period.