Barrier methods - condom

Barrier contraceptive methods

Barrier contraceptive methods are physical barriers preventing sperm contact with the egg cell. They are the only contraceptive group providing dual protection against unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.

Male condom

• Material — latex, polyurethane, or polyisoprene (for latex allergies)
• Effectiveness — 98% with perfect use (85% with typical use)
• Advantages — easily available, no hormonal side effects, STI protection
• Limitations — breakage risk, reduced sensitivity, requires discipline

Female condom

• Design — polyurethane sheath with two flexible rings
• Effectiveness — 95% with perfect use
• Advantages — woman controls protection, insertable up to 8 hours before
• Limitations — higher cost, less available

Other barrier methods

• Diaphragm — silicone dome covering the cervix, used with spermicide
• Cervical cap — smaller version of diaphragm, attaches to cervix
• Spermicides — chemicals killing or immobilizing sperm (foams, gels, suppositories)
• Contraceptive sponge — polyurethane sponge saturated with spermicide

Proper condom use

• Check expiry date and packaging integrity
• Open carefully without sharp objects
• Squeeze condom tip to remove air
• Unroll over erect penis to base
• After ejaculation — remove while penis is still erect
• Use new condom for each act

STI protection

The condom is the only contraceptive method providing protection against sexually transmitted diseases including HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and hepatitis B.