PAP smear — how often and why it matters

The PAP smear (Papanicolaou test) is a routine gynaecological examination that analyses cells from the surface of the cervix. Its goal is the early detection of changes that could develop into cervical cancer.

Who should have a PAP smear?

All women from age 21, or 3 years after first sexual intercourse, should have a PAP smear — regardless of current sexual activity.

How often?

• Ages 21–29: every 3 years
• Ages 30–65: every 3 years (PAP only) or every 5 years (PAP + HPV test)
• After 65: can stop if the last 3 results were normal

Preparation

For 24–48 hours before the test, avoid: sexual intercourse, tampons, vaginal creams or douching. Do not schedule during menstruation.